Linguistic means and methods that realize enantiosemy in proverbs and sayings in Mahmud Kashgari's “Divan”

Abstract

In Azerbaijani linguistics, enantiosemy as a lexical-semantic phenomenon has not yet found its broad, comprehensive solution. The problem of examining this semantic event on the basis of proverbs and proverbs reflected in Kashgari's “Divan” is one of the aspects that regrettably not analyzed by almost anyone, no Turkologist. Interchanges of lexical-semantic units that become adverbial and substantive after losing their grammatical homonymy, antonymy, synonymy, meaning and content created in opposite poles in these processes are among the means and methods that serve to create enantiosemy. As a historical-linguistic phenomenon, enantiosemy has been active in Turkic languages since ancient times and does not deviate from the regularities of development and evolution of related languages. Enantiosemy appears in both linguistic and psycholinguistic aspects of language, and this phenomenon is observed implicatively both in the superstructure of the texts of proverbs and sayings, and in the semantic layer, so that the article focuses more on these issues.