ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF RADIONUCLIDE CONTAMINATION OF THE OKCHUCHAY TRANSIT RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN

Abstract

Radionuclide contamination is becoming a significant environmental concern, especially in trans- boundary rivers such as the Okchuchay, which flows through the Republic of Azerbaijan and Armenia. This study evaluates the extent, sources, and impacts of radionuclide contamination in the Okchuchay Ri- ver, focusing on cesium-137, strontium-90, uranium, and thorium. Extensive field sampling and analytical techniques reveal contamination levels posing serious risks to ecosystems and human health. The findings call for effective regulation, international cooperation, and innovative remediation strategies, including phytoremediation and advanced wastewater treatment. By synthesizing lessons from contamination cases such as Chernobyl and Fukushima, this study provides actionable recommendations for mitigating radio- nuclide pollution in the Okchuchay River and similar transboundary water systems.