MIRZA FAZLALI AGHA IRAVANI’S PARTICIPATION IN THE FORMATION OF RELIGIOUS AND SOCIO-POLITICAL THOUGHT DURING THE CONSTITUTIONAL PERIOD

Abstract

The religious, social, and political processes that took place in Iran and South Azerbaijan in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were characterized by a rich and complex dynamic. During this period, the Constitutional (Mashruteh) movement resonated widely across various societal strata, intensifying the interaction between traditional religious structures and modern socio-politi- cal ideologies. In particular, significant steps were taken towards establishing new forms of gover- nance in the relationship between religion and state, as well as applying democratic principles. Scholars and public figures from Iravan also voiced their opinions and played a leading role in the development of society. Mirza Fazlali Agha Iravni stands out as one of the prominent jurists, theologians, writers, and public figures of this era. His religious knowledge, scientific works, and public activities, espe- cially his involvement in the first term of the Iranian National Assembly, are significant both for preserving traditional religious concepts and for the formation of new democratic ideologies. This article thoroughly examines Mirza Fazlali Iravani's scholarly and religious activities, his role in the Constitutional movement, his participation in the Iranian parliament, his views on the relationship between religion and state, as well as his activities in the later years of his life in Ber- lin. The aim is to contribute to a deeper understanding of his personality and socio-political stance and to further the study of his contributions to the religious and social processes during the Consti- tutional Revolution.