DISEASES AND PESTS OF APPLE (MALUS MILL.) SPECIES INTRODUCED IN ABSHERON

Abstract

The article first studied the diseases and pests found in wild apple varieties introduced in Absheron. The researches were carried out in the collection area of the Central Botanical Garden of ANAS, 23 wild apple varieties were taken as object of research. One of these species was introduced from the flora of Azerbaijan, and other species were introduced from North America, Central and East Asia. The purpose of the study was to determine which diseases and pests were found in the species studied in the conditions of Absheron, as well as to select resistant to diseases and pests and use them as a breeding ground for the selection of resistant varieties. As a resut, powdery mildew was found in the leaves of M.niedzwetzkyana, various silkworms in the leaves of M.purpurea, apples in the fruits of M.pumila, and pears in the leaves of M.cerasifera. The causative agent of powdery mildew was Podosphaera leucotricha. The leaves and shoots of the infected apple plant were damaged. As a result, in infected leaves harden, and the shoots stop growing. The caterpillars of the variegated silkworm have eaten the moon and stalks of the leaves, resulting in the complete destruction of the damaged tree. In apple trees infested with apple worms, most of the fruit became unusable and productivity declined. Pear larvae are found in colonies on the undersides of leaves. As these colonies suck the sap from the leaves, the leaves fade, become discolored and contaminated with black sticky excrement at the bottom, become discolored and
contaminated with black sticky excrement at the bottom, and the three turns brown from head to toe. Later, the leaves withered and fell off, and productivity declined. No diseases or pests were found in other species. In this regard, other wild species studied can be used as a breeding ground for selection diseases and pests.