ECO-GEOGRAPHICAL PROBLEMS OF INTENSIVE APPROPRIATION SUMMER PASTURES (ON THE NORTH-EASTERN SLOPE OF THE GREATER CAUCASUS)

Abstract

In modern times, the intensive exploitation of land for various purposes has led to deterioration in the ecological situation and an imbalance in the environment. Due to these violations, the degradation of vegetation and soil cover has accelerated. The deterioration of the state of summer pastures in the study area and the decrease in biological productivity are also explained by the occupation of the unique meadows of the mountain zone of the Lesser Caucasus as a result of Armenian aggression over the past 30 years and the grazing of hundreds of thousands of cattle in the northeast of the Greater Caucasus, the slope goes to subalpine and alpine meadows. As a result, the normal development of mountain meadows was disrupted, and summer pastures, including hayfields, were degraded. In this regard, for the protection, effective use and improvement of biocenoses in mountain
ecosystems, including phytocenoses, as well as for studying the ecological and geographical features of the regions, it becomes necessary to study and analyze the problem of "rational use and protection of the flora". The article studied the described abundance, density, height, productivity, phenological phase, fodder productivity of the main crops of summer pastures on the northeastern slope of the Greater Caucasus, the grazing rate of small cattle per 1 ha, the degree of degradation, etc. In the course of the survey, observation points were selected at different heights above sea level in the Gusar, Guba and Khizi regions, and appropriate calculations were made at these points. The article determined the value of the productivity of summer pastures and pasture capacity in each region. As a result, various proposals and recommendations were put forward to protect summer pastures, reduce degradation, increase productivity and restore.