MODERN MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGIES AND INVERTED GNSS

Abstract

Global Navigation Satellite Systems, also known as GNSS, is a navigation system that uses satellites to send signals from space and determine the user's geographic location on the ground. With GNSS, the geographic position of the user is determined by the inverse intercept method. In this method, the satellite-receiver distance is obtained by multiplying the time it takes for the signal
to reach the receiver from the satellite times the speed of light. With this measurement method, the position of the user can be easily determined regardless of where he is. GNSS systems consist of many satellite-based systems such as GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO, BEIDOU/COMPASS, QZSS. Among these systems, US-based GPS and Russia-based GLONASS are the most widely used glo-bal positioning systems in the world. GPS (Global Positioning System). The GPS system was created in 1978 by the US Department of Defense. GPS consists of 32 satellites in regular orbit. These satellites emit very weak radio signals. The weak radio signals emitted are received by the GPS receiver. With this, it is possible to determine the position of any point on the earth surface. GLONASS (Global Navigation Sputnik System). In 1979, the first satellite-based positioning system working with 4 satellites was created. The first GLONASS satellite named "Kosmos" was launched into space on October 12, 1982. The system had almost the same features as GPS. To monitor the system, 8 ground stations were placed within the borders of Russia. Until 2010, GLONASS covered the entire territory of Russia. In October 2011, it was launched for full global coverage, consisting of 24 satellites. In this article, in addition to the next-generation measurement system, a new method of position determination, inverse GNSS, will be presented and its differences will be explored according to the prerequisite GNSS network.