ALTITUDE SYSTEMS USED DURING THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE QUASIGEOID MODEL

Abstract

The shape of the earth means the boundary between the solid and liquid mass of the surface and the atmosphere. The solids are not smooth surfaces due to inclusions and dislocations, which defines the relief. In general, solid and liquid surfaces can be investigated using their norms. The altitude normals can be determined by the gravitational field. The direction of gravity corresponds to the vertical line in practice. The vertical line is vital in measurements. The gravity surfaces of measuring instruments are adjusted according to the vertical line. The starting surface and directions perpendicular to this surface should be determined to identify the heights of points on the surface. The directions most easily identified on the earth's surface are those that are determined for the vertical line. As it is known, the level surface is perpendicular to the vertical line. The complex geometric surface created by equal prices of the ocean's calm state surface and its gravity potential corresponding to continuation over continents is the Geoid surface. A geoid defines the figure of the Earth and differs significantly from its physical surface, which is made up of mountains and sea basins. The geoid state is found everywhere by observing the movement of Earth's artificial satellites, based on geodesic and gravimetric data. Accordingly, the heights are the distance to the level surface i.e. the geoid in the direction of the vertical line.