HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE: FROM 19TH CENTURY THEORIES TO THE MODERN NATURE OF THE NOTION

Abstract

The article examines the historical evolution of emotional intelligence, starting from the philosophical and scientific approaches of the 19th century and up to modern cognitive and neurobiological models. The author analyzes key theoretical works, including works by Ch. Darwin, U. James, and U. Cannon, which became the basis for forming ideas about the relationship between emotions and reason. Special attention is paid to modern research in the field of cognitive psychology and neuroscience, which allows a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of emotional intelligence. The main theories of intelligence, such as psychometric, cognitive, and contextual approaches, which have made a significant contribution to the development of this concept, are considered. The functional interaction of emotions and cognitive processes as adaptive mechanisms contributing to social adaptation is also investigated. Emotional intelligence is considered the most important factor that determines the success of interpersonal relationships and effective adaptation in society.