Musicology and the Art of Mugham in the Shirvan Region of Azerbaijan (XIX - early XX centuries)

Abstract

The 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, as in many areas of spiritual culture in the Shirvan region, music was also remembered for its significant development and progress. Shirvan's traditional folk instruments include tar, saz, ud, dambur and kamancha. There were wind instru-ments such as balaban, tutek, zurna, ney, and that of leather including drums, drum, double-drum and dumbak. The art of music in Shirvan is distinguished by the combination of saz-balaban-nagara and double-nagara, which are distinguished by their specific features and form a kind of perfect complex. A talented singer (lyric tenor) Gadjibababekov Guseinaga performed in national perfor-mances the roles of Majnun, Kerem, Asker (“Leili and Majnun”, “Asli and Kerem”, “Arshin Mal Alan”, U. Hajibeyov), Shah Ismail, Alyar (“Shah Ismail”, “Nargiz”, M. Magomayev), Garib (“Ash-ig Garib”, U. Hajibeyov), Khosrova (“Khosrov and Shirin”, Niyazi).
In the 19th - early 20th centuries, the number of shobe and gyushe - sections of the mugham dastgah "Rast", performed at the mugam majlis in the city of Shemakhi, reached 21. Mirza Ma-hammadhasan Ismayil oglu Falakzadeh, one of the well-known folk artists of Shirvan, a well-known singer and musicologist, one of the famous singers, sang “Shur”, “Shushtar”, “Humayun”, “Rast” mughams, especially “Mansuriyya” mugam. The singer is considered to be the creator of "Saritorpaq shikestasi", and many other classifications included in the repertoire of singers.