Arabic Lexicon in the Language of the 13th Century Azerbaijani Poet Izaddin Hasanoghlu
Keywords:
Hasanoghlu, 13th century, Arabic words, ghazal, Sufi poet, first native poemsAbstract
Despite all sorts of hardships caused to our people by the arrival of Mongols in Azerbaijan, our native language, which entered a new stage towards the end of the century, became fruitful. In other words, from the end of the 13th century on, our poets began to write their works in their native lan-guage. However, researchers note that Hasanoglu, who laid the foundations of written literature in the native language, died around 1260, although this is debatable. And at the same time, considering that "Sufis live a long time (70–100 or more years)," they note that his (i.e., Hasanoghlu-S.S.) youth and maturity correspond to Nizami's most mature age (5). Thus, if we take into account that Hasanoglu wrote these poems not at the end of his life but somewhere in the middle of it, then, however controversial it may seem, we can assert that our native-language literature began to emerge already, even from the beginning of the 13th century.
Analyzing the language of the three extant ghazals of Hasanoglu, who is the first author of ghazals in Azerbaijani in the history of our literature, we see that it was he who systematized many Arabic and Persian words used in our oral speech but not yet developed and penetrated in written language.
The Arabic lexical units used in the poet's language, as we can see from the given poetic examp-les, are Arabic lexical units that have both secular love and religious content as well as mystical meaning and essence. Seeing that the borrowed lexical units in the language of Izzeddin Hasanoglu constitute a minority of the lexical units of the native language, we witness that the poet's language fully illuminates the picture of the written book language of that time. As we can see from all three ghazals written in the form of aruz written in the Khazaj language, the poet created very melodious, clear, and beautiful samples of poetry, having completely subordinated Arabic lexical units to the Turkic language and its rules.
