Turkic Origin Archaic Words in Shamsaddin Sivasi’s “Gulshan-Abad”

Abstract

There are archaic words in Shamsaddin Sivasi’s work "Gulshan-Abad" that are not used in our language today but remain in some dialects, and these are interesting in terms of the semantic features of the archaic layer of our native monuments. The studies on the work "Gulshan-Abad," which is one of the most valuable written samples of our literary language in the 16th century, clearly show that, throughout history, such Turkic words have been used on the monument that a certain part of those lexical units is not currently used in the further stages of development of our language.
When we do research on the monuments of the Middle Ages, we see that most of the Turkic works penned in the Middle Ages in the scientific fields of Azerbaijan and the Ottoman words of Turkic origin are almost the same. In the work "Gulshan-Abad," which we have done research on, we come across enough words of ancient Turkic origin. When we compare the words of Turkic origin in this work with the works written in the Azerbaijani Turkic language, we see that these words have the same purpose both in form and meaning. Here, national units create greater interest in terms of Turkology. A large part of this group of words continues to have a place in the lexical history of the Turkic language today without any major changes, both in terms of their external and internal meanings. Shamsaddin Sivasi is one of the greatest figures who made great use of the Turkic language in his works. In this point of view, his legacy is as crucial for linguistics as it is for literary studies. Words of Turkic origin have a special role in the rich poetic language of Sivas. Many of these words come from the ancient Turkic language and are recorded in the ancient Turkic written monuments: Orkhon-Yenisey, Uyghur monuments, "Kutadgu-Bilig," "Divanu Lugati't-Turk," and "Book of Dede Korkut." Some of these words continue to be used in contemporary times, while others have become archaic or have preserved their existence in some dialects. This means that, as the 16th-century Anatolian and Azerbaijani languages are almost the same, if we do not take the Arabic and Persian words into consideration, almost all of the words were used in the same way and with the same meaning. We can group the ancient Turkic words used in the work as follows: 1. Words used in modern Azerbaijani Turkic. 2. Archaic words.
In the work "Gulshan-Abad," the special form of -gil, which is the imperative form of the verb and still survives in Old Turkic and in the dialects of some regions of Azerbaijan, was also used. One of the points that draws attention here is that this is also used in the copies of the work in Turkey. This is also a lexically remarkable and interesting point.
The study of the ancient Turkic words that have been used in this work is very valuable in terms of linguistics, and their being found out provides rich material for historical lexicology. This means that most of these words are completely archaic in our language and are not used in any way today. Of course, only some dialects are exceptions.