THE ANALYSIS OF EASTERN ANATOLIA ENVIRONMENT DURING BRONZE AGE WITH FOCUS ON ARCHAEOLOGICAL DATA

Abstract

The biological and climatic congruence is one of the primary conditions for arising, growth, and development of animal species. Appropriate temperature, height, and the needed flora and other factors are considered as the backgrounds of life for human and animal groups for which it can be concluded by partial studies that if the studied region possesses the features needed for acceleration and encouragement of different, animal, human, and plant communities for their survival. Comparison of plant and animal traces found in regions in Eastern Anatolia at Bronze Age which had geographic and cultural proximity with Azerbaijan region in Iran has been led to remarkable data about negative ecological effects during recent decades. Due to dry climate and climatic changes, at least quantity and varieties of plants have been reduced in current Azerbaijan region. Such consequences have even reached to borders of neighbors as well, but the greatest difference in drying of Uremia Lake at Azerbaijan and vice versa are continued with ecological life of Van Lake at Eastern Anatolia. It is clear that climatic change has been followed by noticeable effects on rainfall, evaporation and transpiration, surface runoffs, and thus hydrologic events so it is the matter of fact that the human manipulations have been assumed as the foremost natural disorders in consuming fossil fuels and urbanism. Inter alia, what it has been deemed as important for the authors is to find Archaeobotany, Zooarchaeology, Palynology, Pedology, and analysis of surface findings about types of plants and animals on potteries and making of various tools in forms of animals to climate of Eastern Anatolia out of Turkey history at this age through analyzing the given findings to some extent. Thus, it has been tried to deal with ecological conditions in this region at Bronze Age through analysis of Archaeological data and sedimentologic studies and paleopalynology in adjacent environment.