Literary Issues In The “Sharqi-Rus” Newspaper

Abstract

The presented article provides a systematic analysis of the formative stages of the Azerbaijani national press and the pivotal role of the “Sharqi-rus” (The Russian East) newspaper within this process. It substantiates that the tradition of the national press, established in 1875 with "Ekinchi" and continued through subsequent publications such as “Ziya” and “Kashkul”, entered a new qualitative phase in 1903 with the publication of "Sharqi-rus" under the editorship of Mohammad aga Shahtakhtli.
The article demonstrates that “Sharqi-rus” served not merely as an information outlet but as a platform for national self-awareness, enlightenment, and social critique. The newspaper operated across vital dimensions, including the simplification of the mother tongue, alphabet reform, women's education, the modernization of the school system, and the coverage of socio-economic issues, all contributing to the modernization of society. Its ideological framework was built upon critical realism and enlightenment thought, challenging religious fanaticism while emphasizing the humanistic essence of Islam.
Furthermore, “Sharqi-rus” played a crucial role in the development of Azerbaijani literature, fostering an intellectual environment that shaped prominent figures such as Jalil Mammadguluzadeh, Omar Faig Nemanzadeh, Mirza Alakbar Sabir, and Mahammad Amin Rasulzadeh. The newspaper facilitated the transition from classical literature to realist literature and, by prioritizing the principle of simple and accessible language, brought literature closer to the daily lives of the people.
Additionally, by covering international events, the newspaper expanded the worldview of its readers and contributed to the formation of a Pan-Muslim and Pan-Turkic information space. As a result of its activities, the press evolved into both an educational and a unifying force within society.