The development and application of various writing systems during the Mongol Empire

Abstract

Writing is considered the most important invention in the development of civilization, science, and
culture in world history, and it is regarded as the beginning of history. During the Mongol Empire, writing
played a crucial role in the expansion of the empire and in promoting cultural exchange. The adoption of
different writing systems enabled the Mongols to benefit from the local cultures of the territories they
conquered and facilitated stronger connections among various peoples. The Uighur script played a
significant role in the administrative system of the Mongol state and was adopted by Genghis Khan as the
official script of the empire. This script also played an important role in the drafting of legal documents and
laws, contributing to the maintenance of legal order among diverse peoples. During this period, writing also
contributed to the development of cultures, religions, and scientific thought. The article clearly demonstrates
the importance of writing during the Mongol era in intercivilizational cultural exchange and its contributions
to the written culture of the time. The written heritage of this period offers rich information that encompasses
not only Mongol history but also world culture.
Keywords: script, sogdian script, uyghur script, khitan script, phags-pa script, galik script