National awakening in the poetry of the Azerbaijani emigration of the 19th century

Abstract

The history of Azerbaijani migrant literature is at least as old as the history of our literature. Even in the 11th century, the great thinker of the East, Khatib Tabrizi, emigrated to the city of Sham (currently Damascus, the capital of Syria), and the great poet Imadaddin Nasimi lived an emigrant life due to the pressures placed on him. The word “emigration” is defined in dictionaries as, leaving one's homeland and moving to another country, either forcibly or voluntarily, for political, economic, or religious reasons. When we think of emigration, the first thought that comes to mind is that after emigrating to another country (this can be forcibly or voluntarily), the literary men and women wrote about the contemporary state of their motherland in their works. Many researchers associate the beginning of Azerbaijani migrant literature with literary and political figures who had to leave their motherland after the fall of the Democratic Republic. However, at the beginning of the XIX century, the characteristic features and main problems and analysis of the problems of the period can also be seen in the works of writers who left the country after the occupation of Azerbaijan by Tsarist Russia, such as Seyid Nigari, Sadi Karabaghi, Sebati, Seraci, also Mirza Bakhish Nadim who did not reconcile with the injustice in the situation in which he lived, Muezzin Turabi Shikastekhatir from Shaki, etc. They were people who stood up for their kind and were saddened by every situation of their occupied motherland and hoped that the will of the proud people would not be broken. In the article, the representatives of the XIX century independence movement, the issues touched upon studied according to their works were noted as the main literary event of the time.