SYNTHETIC IMPERATIVE MOOD OF THE VERB IN THE INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES

Abstract

The mood category of the verb manifests itself in different forms in different languages, depending on the morphological structure of the languages. If in Turkic languages, which are agglutinative synthetic languages, the means that create the mood category of the verb are suffixes, in the analytical Indo-European languages, analytical means are superior in the formation of this grammatical category of the verb. However, having an analytical structure does not negate the synthetic formation in the language. In this regard, it is appropriate to investigate the synthetic imperative mood of the verb in the Indo-European languages. The imperative mood of the verb is, generally, not unequivocally accepted by linguists. On the one hand, although it is accepted in linguistics that the verb has such an independent mood, on the other hand, there are also explanations such as that the imperative mood is not a separate mood, that it is derived from other moods and that it is an artificially created form. It is incorrect to attribute the idea that the imperative mood of the verb is not a separate form, but is derived from other forms to Turkic languages. Because in Turkic languages this mood of the verb has a form that is different from other moods. For instance, in Azerbaijani, which is one of the Turkic languages, the form that distinguishes the imperative mood from other moods of the verb is the zero morpheme. That is, there is no special suffix of the imperative mood of the verb in this language. Thus, in the Azerbaijani language, personal-ending suffixes come directly after the base of the verb in the imperative mood of the verb. This is a form in itself, and this form should not be left out of the moods of the verb. The investigation of the imperative mood of the verb in the Indo-European languages shows that in some of these languages, the imperative mood of the verb appears only in the second person, and in some of them, this form does not differ from other moods of verb in any person. This gives reason to come to the conclusion that the imperative mood of the verb has not been formed in the Indo-European languages.