SYNTACTICAL-SEMANTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VERB COPULAS

Abstract

Some linguists, speaking of the ancient Turkic language, point out that certain functional forms
are expressed by finite forms, since the word order is not fixed here. Another group of linguists,
comparing the forms of distribution in Russian and Turkic languages, come to the conclusion that if in
Russian verbal adjectives and verbal connectives have a lower degree of predicativity than in the
ancient language, then in modern Turkic languages, verbal connectives, verbal adjectives and verbal
nouns continue to retain their predicative properties. Finally, the third group of linguists, comparing
the materials of the ancient Turkic language, comes to the conclusion that in many cases verb connectives are used with personal suffixes, and in this case the classified form is primary. This is also proved by the fact that in some cases in our modern language the indefinite form can be used in place of a
definite verb, especially in the place of verb copulas. In any case, these morphological forms have
these qualities at the syntactic level, within the sentence. On the other hand, some forms have the property of homonymy and function as a verbal adjective and verbal copula. In the syntactic structure,
both their location and the semantic-syntactic features of the words with which they are associated
play a key role. The researchers note that they have the same origin. Although verb copulas are divided into types of tenses and types according to the shades of meaning they express, inside each of
them you can see other shades of meaning, which is directly related to the semantic characteristics of
the words to which they refer, and the word (verb copula) to which the corresponding suffix. One of
the main characteristics of verb copulas is that they have a transitional process; therefore in many
cases they turn into adverbs and secondary parts of speech.