LINGUISTIC AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PECULIARITYS OF SPEECH OF MIDDLE-AGED OR ELDERLY ONES

Abstract

Learning age-dependent features of the language is the subject of research of both psycholinguistics and sociolinguistics. The age characteristics of speech are the determination of a specific system of relations between lexicosyntactical elements, their particular combination, reflecting the age features of the speakers. Vakhtin N. B. and Golovko E.V. distinguish such concepts as: generational and age-related changes in speech. “The language is constantly
changing, and each next generation, receiving the language from the parents in one form, transmits the language to the
children in a slightly changed form (or in a more changed form in the era of historical changes). This is the process of
development and changing of language. These changes in the language can be defined as generational”. In the speech of
each next young generation there are neologisms that characteristic of the speech of certain age groups. The speech of a
concrete generation is characterized by its neologisms. The main focus in psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic researches dedicated on the age-related changes in the language was given to children's speech. One of the first who studied agerelated changes in speech was R. Jacobson. He revealed that the process of the formation of the child’s speech in ontogenesis and the process of speech loss with aphasia obey the same laws: the earlier a linguistic phenomenon is assimilated, the better it saves and vice versa. Only in recent years, researches have been carried out on adults’ speech. One
reason for this is the general aging of the population developed countries. For example, Hester E. investigated the relationship between educational attainment and social communication skills in old age.
Despite the growing interest in the sociolinguistic direction in the research of the language, there are no scientific
works about the middle-aged or elderly age characteristics of speech in Azerbaijan