ANALYTICAL IMPERATIVE MOOD OF THE VERB IN THE INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES

Abstract

Since languages are morphologically different, the mood category of the verb manifests itself in
different forms in different languages. As the Indo-European languages are languages with an
analytical structure, grammatical categories in these languages are mainly formed by the analytical
way. However, having an analytical structure does not negate the formation by the synthetic way. The
imperative mood of the verb is not unequivocally accepted by linguists. On the one hand, although it
is accepted in linguistics that the verb has such an independent mood, on the other hand, there are also
explanations such as that the imperative mood is not a separate mood, that it is derived from other
moods and that it is an artificially created form. Then how does this mood of the verb manifest itself
in the Indo-European languages? In comparison with the Turkic languages, which have agglutinative
synthetic structure, the weakness of the imperative mood paradigm in the Indo-European languages is
evident. So, in these languages, the form accepted as an imperative mood does not appear in all
persons. Due to the fact that this form does not appear in all persons, other means that convey
imperative semantics are considered as analytical imperative mood. Thus, it is thought that the
constructions formed by let in English and давай, давайте, пусть in Russian form an imperative
mood by the periphrastic way. However, at this point, the verbs must act as auxiliary verbs. For this,
the grammaticalization of those language units is necessary. When these language units are
investigated, it becomes clear that the verb let in English has no signs of grammaticalization, while the
language units mentioned in Russian language are at the beginning of the process of
grammaticalization, that is, in these language units, the grammaticalization is very weak. As a result, it
should be noted that in the Indo-European languages, the analytical imperative mood of the verb is not
fully formed.