Language Technologies in AI Systems: Evolution Stages and Application Prospects

Abstract

The article examines the evolutionary stages and fundamental scientific foundations of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) technologies. The study analyzes the historical trajectory ranging from the early philosophical and mechanical models of AI to A. Turing's computability theory, the Turing test, and the seminal NLP milestones of the 20th century. Furthermore, it reviews the impact of N. Chomsky’s universal grammar concept on early rule-based systems, as well as the developmental path of statistical and neural network models during the transition into the 21st century. The paper categorizes contemporary practical applications of NLP, such as virtual assistants, sentiment analysis, automated processing of medical and legal texts, machine translation, and chatbots. Conclusively, the role of intelligent linguistic integration in future innovations is evaluated, while the current state of digital resources for the Azerbaijani language, its digitalization challenges, and development prospects are discussed.