Botanical Gardens in the Contemporary Era: Historical Development, Scientific Functions, and Sustainability Perspectives

Abstract

Botanical gardens today serve not only as spaces for plant collection and display but also as multifaceted institutions contributing to biodiversity conservation, scientific research, education, and public outreach. They function as living laboratories for studying plants’ morphological, physiological, and genetic traits, support the preservation of rare and endangered species, and provide essential resources for ex situ conservation strategies. Historically, botanical gardens evolved from ancient civilizations into modern scientific centers within universities and research institutions. Today, innovative technologies, international collaboration, and public education programs allow these institutions to act as knowledge bridges between science and society while promoting sustainable development. Key challenges for the Azerbaijani model include enhancing global cooperation, optimizing genetic collections, and strengthening public awareness initiatives.