FAZLULLAH NAIMI (1339-1401): THE FOUNDER OF HURUFI MOVEMENT

Abstract

The peoples who lived in the territories of Azerbaijan and Iran before Islam followed the teachings of Manichaeism (Manichaeism was a Gnostic religious school founded by Mani (216-277). This teaching, which appeared in Babylon in the III century, spread all over the world and especially in North Africa. Especially Christianity; Mazdakism (Mazdakism- the movement against Sassanid oppression and feudalism in 481-529 under the leadership of Mazdak was one of the most important social and historical events of the early Middle Ages.) has a syncretic feature as it incorporates many elements from Buddhism and Mesopotamian religions.), Mazdakism* and other religions, and from the second half of the Hijri history, some of them began to turn to Sufism despite being in Islam, according to the information found in a number of written sources of the Middle Ages. But over time, we witness the penetration and influence of schools of various philosophical views, especially Neoplatonism philosophy, as well as Buddhism, Christianity, Zoroastrianism, Mithraism, etc. on Islamic Sufism. This can be considered as the main factor in the fundamental contradiction between the way of thinking and behavior of Sufis with the basic teachings of Islamic Sharia. The article examines the factors that brought about the emergence of the Hurufism movement, the socio-political situation in this period, the life and activity of the founder of this movement, Fazlullah Naimi, and the written sources related to it.