The literary environment formed around the press from Tanzimat to the second constitutionalist period

Abstract

Books are not the only means of propagation of literature, otherwise the attitude towards liter-ary and ideological movements, enlightenment, as well as socio–political events would not be so relevant and effective, additionally, literature cannot play its role in public life just through the book. Because every poet, writer or thinker produces a book in a year or in every other or even three year, so in this way literature could not reach its current level. From this point of view, news-papers and magazines play an important role in the development of the literature.
During the Ottoman Empire the first Turkish newspaper “Takvim-i Vakayi” was issued in the period of II Mahmud on November 1in 1831. “Ceride-i Havadis” newspaper, which was issued on August 1in 1840, was semi-offical, and as opposed to “Takvim-i Vakayi” there articles on litera-ture, the translation and summary of the plays performed by European theater groups on the stage of Qalata Naum theater in Istanbul, encyclopedic information, and other literary works were being published. Even it has a significant impact on the formation of people’s ideological thoughts. The first private newspaper in Ottoman Empire “Tercuman-ı Ahval” which was literary newspaper was issued on October 22 in 1860. “Tercuman-ı Ahval” played an important role in the history of the Turkish press as well as literature. Soit was after its printing that other newspapers either started to give place to literary texts on their pages. Literary texts reflecting sociopolitical events of the day were appearing on the pages of the newspapers and magazines. The newspapers and magazines were representing particular ideology, and writings or works on their pages usually were in accord-ance with that ideology. In this sense II Mashrutiyyat period is very interesting. Literary works were of significant role in terms of presenting new ideologies to the people through the media.
In this article the role of the press in the creation of literary environment from the late 19th to the beginning of the twentieth century has been studied.