DERIVATION AND VALENCY: A LEXICOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE KIPCHAK GROUP OF TURKIC LANGUAGES

Abstract

An important conclusion arising from the substantial understanding of the word is that the word functions as both a language unit and a speech unit. Unlike other units of language, only the word has the capacity to function simultaneously as a unit of language and a unit of speech. When the word is considered as a unit of speech, this conclusion is based on the study of the essence of the word within the sentence; when the word is viewed as a language unit, it is examined outside the sentence. Thus, the word is studied both in language (as a language unit) and in speech (as a speech unit). In modern linguistics, the fact that language units enter into relations with one another in accordance with certain regularities gives rise to the concept of valency.
The Turkic language family, characterized by a rich and multifaceted structure, is also noteworthy in terms of its lexical and grammatical organization. Within this family, the Kipchak group occupies a special place. In the Kipchak group of Turkic languages, the mechanisms of word formation (derivation) and the syntactic capacities of words (valency) have been objects of scholarly interest both historically and in the modern period.
The main aim of the article is to investigate the derivational potential of root words in the Kipchak group of Turkic languages and to determine how many valency patterns these words exhibit in different contexts. The way derivational processes are reflected in the lexical stock, as well as the semantic expansion and functional use of derived words, constitutes the core of this research.