“THE GREAT GAME” AND IRAN: THE HERAT WAR (1838–1841)

Abstract

The “Great Game” was the rivalry between the British and Russian Empires over Central Asia, Iran, and Afghanistan in the 19th century. This article analyzes the significance and historical context of the concept of the “Great Game,” explores the mechanisms of its implementation, and examines Iran’s involvement in the processes of the Great Game during the first half of the 19th century.
The focus of the study is the Herat War of 1838–1841, which became the first direct confronta-tion of British and Russian interests during the Great Game. The article explores the strategic signif-icance of the city of Herat, the history and chronology of the conflict, and analyzes its diplomatic and military aspects. It also evaluates the strategic interests and position of Iran, as well as the reactions of Britain and Russia to the events in Herat. The author investigates the impact of the Herat War on both the foreign and domestic policies of Qajar Iran, the diplomatic maneuvers of London and St. Petersburg surrounding the conflict, and Tehran’s position under the pressure of the great powers.
Based on the sources used, the study concludes that the Herat War became a turning point in the politics of Qajar Iran, weakening its position in Afghanistan while simultaneously contributing to the strengthening of British influence there. It also significantly affected the formation of spheres of influence of Britain and Russia in the region.
The article also presents information on the Anglo-Afghan War, which took place during the same period, and analyzes the political, military, and geopolitical consequences of both wars, provid-ing a comparative analysis.
In conclusion, the article outlines the consequences of the Herat War for Iran and the influence of the Great Game in the first half of the 19th century on the regional balance of power.