ENERGY SECURITY POLICY OF OIL AND GAS EXPORTING COUNTRIES

Abstract

The processes that have taken place in the world in recent years have had an impact on energy security, both globally and in terms of individual states. The ongoing conflict in the Near East, the embargo imposed on Iran, and most recently the coronavirus pandemic, have highlighted the need for a multifaceted approach to energy security. Previously, the issue was considered as a security of energy production and transportation to international markets, but now it is inevitable to look at the issue from an environmental point of view, as well as a source of danger that will lead to unforeseen crises in the economies of energy exporters.Energy resources can be classified into traditional and non-traditional, basic and alternative, renewable and non renewable energy sources. Traditional energy resources are energy resources that are used in the way they exist in nature, without any change or transformation. These energy resources come from both renewable and non-renewable energy sources. The main energy resources include coal, oil, gas, thermal and nuclear energy. In alternative energy resources take place solar energy, wind energy, bioenergy, etc. This article examines energy security in modern times and the policies pursued by the world's leading nations to ensure their own energy security.