The connection between the mythical world and the true reality in “Khortdan’s Letters from Hell”

Abstract

The article discusses the story “Letters from Hell” by Abdurrahim bey Hagverdiyev, one of the main founders of the “Molla Nasreddin” literary school, which had been published in a series in the magazine since 1907. Description of the tragic fate of Azerbaijan, where occurred calamities such as ignorance, ignorance, illiteracy that had been the target of criticism by the journal “Molla Nasreddin” for 25 years, transferred to the Hell skillfully. At the same time, the boundless violations of the law create a similarity and parallel between Azerbaijan and the hell. To be more precise, Azerbaijan is becoming the equivalent of the hell. These realities occur at the junction of feudalism and capitalism. However, it is as horrible, frightening and tragic as the real state of the writer's time. The author’s original and effective discovery attracts attention as an interesting literary device that reveals the perfection and uniqueness of the story. Innovation in the structure and style of a work with a complex composition creates integrity and completeness, manifesting itself in its artistic content and richness of ideas. The article evaluates Abdurrahim bey Hagverdiyev’s story “Khortdan’s Letters from Hell” as one of the monumental prose examples of Azerbaijani literature due to its relevance, modernity, unique artistic features, composition, and richness of artistic description and means of expression.